1. Chapter Overview (विषय प्रवेश)
This chapter introduces students to basic sentence structures in Sanskrit by identifying people and objects using various genders. It focuses on the use of Pronouns (सर्वनाम) and Verbs (क्रियापदानि) across three numbers: singular, dual, and plural.
2. Grammar Spotlight (व्याकरण-विशेषः)
- Core Concept: The chapter focuses on Pronouns (सर्वनाम-प्रयोगः) and how they change based on Gender (लिङ्गम्) and Number (वचनम्).
- Primary Declension Table: The following table summarizes the nominative forms for near and far pronouns and interrogatives:
| Gender | Number | Far (That) | Near (This) | Interrogative (Who/What) |
| Masculine (पुंलिङ्गम्) | Singular | सः (Sah) | एषः (Eshah) | कः (Kah) |
| Dual | तौ (Tau) | एतौ (Etau) | कौ (Kau) | |
| Plural | ते (Te) | एते (Ete) | के (Ke) | |
| Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्गम्) | Singular | सा (Saa) | एषा (Eshaa) | का (Kaa) |
| Dual | ते (Te) | एते (Ete) | के (Ke) | |
| Plural | ताः (Taah) | एताः (Etaah) | काः (Kaah) | |
| Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्गम्) | Singular | तत् (Tat) | एतत् (Etat) | किम् (Kim) |
| Dual | ते (Te) | एते (Ete) | के (Ke) | |
| Plural | तानि (Taani) | एतानि (Etaani) | कानि (Kaani) |
- Writing/Classification Rules: Words are classified by their endings:
- Akarant (अकारान्त): Words ending in ‘अ’, typically Masculine or Neuter (e.g., बालक, फल).
- Akarant (आकारान्त): Words ending in ‘आ’, usually Feminine (e.g., बालिका).
- Ikarant (ईकारान्त): Words ending in ‘ई’, usually Feminine (e.g., लेखनी, नदी).
3. Practical Application (अभ्यास-सारः)
These ‘Master Sentences’ demonstrate the grammar in action through the chapter’s exercises and examples:
- Masculine: “एषः शिक्षकः लिखति।” (This teacher is writing) .
- Feminine: “एताः अजाः चरन्ति।” (These goats are grazing) .
- Neuter: “एतानि तु पुस्तकानि सन्ति।” (These indeed are books) .
- Verb Usage: “बालकौ पठतः।” (Two boys are reading) .
- Interrogative: “तानि कानि? तानि रेलयानानि।” (What are those? Those are trains) .
4. Cultural/Extra Insights (योग्यताविस्तरः)
The Knowledge Expansion (योग्यताविस्तरः) section provides a technical breakdown of word endings (Varnant). It explains how to identify the base sound of a word—such as बालक् + अ for a masculine Akarant word—and provides the foundational rules for how pronouns like ‘तद्’, ‘एतद्’, and ‘किम्’ transform into their usable nominative forms (Prathama-Ekavachanam) based on their specific gendered endings.
5. Word-list
Click Word list for Class 6 – Chapter 3 to view the word-wise details of the chapter.
Usage tip: Keep the list handy either open in a computer or in print-out form while reading the chapter. Read the chapter as usual and refer to the list when you want to look-up meaning of a new word, or are unsure about the विभक्ति or figure of speech (whether संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, क्रिया ,विशेषण, अव्यय, etc.).
Disclaimer: This list has been compiled with rigorous attention to detail; however, some errors may remain. If you identify a typographical mistake or have a more robust explanation to offer, please contact the author with the relevant supporting data. We are committed to maintaining the integrity of this resource and will provide updates accordingly.
This completes the notes for Chapter 3. Click below to go to the next chapter.